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空大(92)學長/面授指導: 紀靜芬_空大專任英語講師

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朝雲

留言時間

2010-04-09 16:27:37

標題

Chapter14考古題二

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When Burton’s sister arrived, I found that she was not at all the aggressive and hard woman I had expected.

這個句子可以分為四段話來解讀，在分段時請依據重要性（也就是貼身、保暖、裝飾的觀念）將這四段話區分為1, 2, 3，貼身的部分（主要結構）標1，裝飾的部分（最不重要的）標3。

My Chapter14考古題二練習

When Burton's sister arrived, I foundthat she was not at all the aggressive andhard woman I had expected.

這個句子可以分為四段話來解讀，在分段時請依據重要性（也就是貼身、保暖、裝飾的觀念）將這四段話區分為1, 2, 3，貼身的部分（.主要結構）標1，裝飾的部分（最不重要的）標3。

分四段 When …...../, I found /that she was ........(A)and (B) /I…........

1.主要結構 I found ….......

2.名詞子句that she was not at all the aggressive andhard woman

3.最不重要的I had expected.

附註:重點是學會分段，接著刪去或暫時遮住不去看非主要結構的英文字，所以，除非能找到句子裡的真正主詞和動詞，否則可能只會拼湊出非英文原意的中文意思來而不自覺。

>附屬子句When Burton's sister arrived,

>名詞子句由that所引導(或稱前置詞)用來當動詞found的受詞如下:我發現 that ......

that she was not at all the aggressive andhard woman

>形容子句形容前面的名詞woman它也是一個過去完成式

I had expected

有這個子句和沒有這個形容詞子句的差異分析?

有這個子句是襯托主體對Burton's sister 的印象，而這個印象的源頭又來自在到Burton作客之前，Burton對他家裡成員所作的描繪而形成的。

少掉了這個形容詞子句，那主詞和動詞I found接下去的名詞子句不就會變得既奇怪且語意又模糊不清...，難道第一次見面就能判斷Burton's sister 這個人的種種嗎?總要有個依循吧?

大意:

當Burton's sister 的姐姐抵達時，我發現她全然不像(或一點都不像)是我過去(之前)所預期的(A好鬥) 和(B難以相處的)女人

學習心得:

看到英文句子的第一步是快速瀏覽句子找到主詞和動詞，遇到句子較長時，得要透過分段和刪除修飾的句子就能找到主詞和動詞，就像是找到屋子裡的主人般，而不會把傭人看成主人或把小孩當作主人。

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朝雲                  back index    

留言時間

2010-04-29 10:03:24

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Chapter20 Grammar Focus 動名詞

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P243

動名詞顧名思義，就是由動詞轉變而來的名詞。名詞在句中可作主詞、受詞、補語，動名詞也具有這些同樣的功能。英文中有受詞的除了動詞外，還有介係詞。幾乎所有介係詞都可以接動名詞做受詞。至於動詞以動名詞為受詞的各種的各種情形，將於下一章介紹。

…………………………………….

練習：以下（）的字為動名詞，說明該動名詞的功能：作主詞，動詞的受詞，或介係詞的受詞。

1. (Swimming) is good for the health.

2. (Reading) is a good habit.

3. (Getting) married is an act of hope.

4. (Knocking) on wood is a superstition in American culture.

5. She enjoys (cooking).

6. I am tired of (doing) the same thing.

7. He makes a living by (teaching) English.

8. He is good at (cooking).

9. He left without (saying) anything.

10. We prevented him from (doing) it.

11. Thanks for (coming).

12. He talked me into (buying) the new car.

13. They were worried about （being） a burden on us.

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sh3025

留言時間

2010-04-29 11:48:50

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Re:Chapter20 Grammar Focus 動名詞

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試解：

P243
動名詞顧名思義，就是由動詞轉變而來的名詞。名詞在句中可作主詞、受詞、補語，動名詞也具有這些同樣的功能。英文中有受詞的除了動詞外，還有介係詞。幾乎所有介係詞都可以接動名詞做受詞。至於動詞以動名詞為受詞的各種的各種情形，將於下一章介紹。
…………………………………….
練習：以下（）的字為動名詞，說明該動名詞的功能：作主詞，動詞的受詞，或介係詞的受詞。

1. (Swimming) is good for the health.
= > 主詞

2. (Reading) is a good habit.
= > 主詞

3. (Getting) married is an act of hope.
= > 主詞

4. (Knocking) on wood is a superstition in American culture.
= > 主詞

5. She enjoys (cooking).
= > 動詞的受詞

6. I am tired of (doing) the same thing.
= > 介係詞的受詞

7. He makes a living by (teaching) English.
= > 介係詞的受詞

8. He is good at (cooking).
= > 介係詞的受詞

9. He left without (saying) anything.
= > 介係詞的受詞

10. We prevented him from (doing) it.
= > 介係詞的受詞

11. Thanks for (coming).
= > 介係詞的受詞

12. He talked me into (buying) the new car.
= > 介係詞的受詞

13. They were worried about （being） a burden on us.
= > 介係詞的受詞

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朝雲                                       back index

留言時間

2010-05-04 20:33:15

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Chapter 21 Grammar Focus 動詞接不定詞或動名詞

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P251

不定詞與動名詞都可以當動詞的受詞。使用情形大致如下：

（一） 多數的動詞只接不定詞，例如：

They decided to go.

（二） 有些動詞只能以動名詞為受詞，例如：

I enjoyed watching TV.

本類的動詞常用的約有二三十個，

例如：finish, keep, mind, avoid, practice, imagine, admit等，應記下來。

（三） 另有些動詞，可以不定詞或動名詞做受詞，但會造成不同解釋，例如：

stop talking 是停止談話

stop to talk 是停止其他事情以便談話

至於哪些動詞以及在什麼情況下要接不定詞或動名詞，除了從大量閱讀中去觀察外，還可參考文法書或字典。

補充：另外有少數字詞之後習慣接動名詞。例如Chapter19 有句對話：

I’ve been busy packing for the trip back home and saying goodbye to people.

packing及saying 用動名詞跟前面busy這個字用法有關。

這類字詞將於Chapter32 Grammar Focus 的練習中介紹。

﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍

練習：請觀察以下（　）的動詞是以不定詞或動名詞為其受詞。

1. I (wish) to invite him to my wedding.

2. He (promised) to help us.

3. I never (expected) to see them again.

4. I (want) to stay home.

5. He (asked) me to come earlier.

6. The policeman (ordered) us to leave immediately.

7. I’ll (finish) reading this book as soon as possible.

8. We try to (avoid) making mistakes.

9. They (practice) speaking English every day.

10. He (admitted) stealing the money.

11. I won’t (mind) waiting a few minutes.

12. I (remember) meeting your uncle when I was a child.

13. (Remember) to see your uncle tomorrow.

14. The police invented a way to (stop) speeding.

15. I usually (stop) to buy a newspaper when I pass the newsstand.

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朝雲                                             back index

留言時間

2010-05-04 20:33:41

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Chapter 22 Grammar Focus句子的擴大

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P262

Chapter 3 的Grammar Focus中曾經提過句子除了基本的主詞，動詞，受詞，或補語外，常常加入修飾語使得句子內容更豐富。修飾語如果是單字那很好辨認，如果是一大串的片語或子句，初學者若不細心辨識可能會霧煞煞。以下的練習中各題加以組合之後都是課文中的長句子。希望同學透過這樣的練習，體會句子如何由簡短衍生為複雜的過程。

﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍

練習：請將句尾（　）的修飾語放入句中適當位置。

1. They are sitting in a restaurant waiting for two friends to come. ( called “ TGIF” ) ( ,Abbey and Jerry, )

2. Did you see the hat? (that Mr. Ray was wearing today)

3. At Halloween people attend parties. (at which they wear special costumes)

4. Author Daniel Defoe’s long story is usually considered the earliest actual novel. ( ,published in 1719, )

( written in the English language )

sh3025 留言內容

留言時間 2010-05-05 11:41:53

標題 Re:Chapter 22 Grammar Focus句子的擴大

試解：

P262

練習：請將句尾（　）的修飾語放入句中適當位置。

1. They are sitting in a restaurant waiting for two friends to come. ( called “ TGIF” ) ( ,Abbey and Jerry, )

= > They are sitting in a restaurant called “TGIF” waiting for two friends, Abbey and Jerry, to come.

2. Did you see the hat? (that Mr. Ray was wearing today)

= > Did you see the hat that Mr. Ray was wearing today?

3. At Halloween people attend parties. (at which they wear special costumes)

= > At Halloween people attend parties at which they wear special costumes.

4. Author Daniel Defoe’s long story is usually considered the earliest actual novel. ( ,published in 1719, )

( written in the English language )

= > Author Daniel Defoe’s long story ,published in 1719, is usually considered the earliest actual novel written in the English language.

留言者

朝雲

留言時間

2010-05-11 20:47:18

標題

Chapter24Grammar Focus對等連接詞前後的對稱（二）

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P282

有時候一個句子是藉著好幾個and,but,or等對等連接詞連接起來，讀者會因句子繁雜而不知如何解讀。

My Chapter24Grammar Focus內容

P282

練習：找出以下（）的對稱連接詞所連接的部分

1. I’ve been busy packing for the trip back home (and) saying goodbye to people.

2. Can you imagine finding yourself all alone on an island (and) living with animal friends.

3. I look at the bride or the groom (and) I say to myself “I taught that student five years ago”.

4. Although I’m no longer as young as I once was, (and) though I too am getting rounder in appearance, I can honestly that still do enjoy my students’ weddings.

5. {I am a university professor (and) a shen-fu at the same time,} (and){ so in most situations \I think of my people \as my students (and) fellows}.

6. “ Katie’s getting married today,” I mused to myself, “ (and) look where I am!”

7. I told herI was thankful for the honor, (but) that other priests spoke much better Chinese than me.

因為看到在but後面的that 所以前面第二個I前也應該是有一個that，但被省略了

8. I {looked across a crowded dining room} (and){ saw her sitting \with her groom in a gorgeous white (and) with a terrific smile on her face}.

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留言者

朝雲

留言時間

2010-04-26 13:47:05

標題

Chapter18 Grammar Focus 簡化句子(練習一)

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P224

帶領形容詞子句的關係詞（who, which, that）做主詞時，可簡化為分詞片語。

…………….

練習一：將下列形容詞子句改為現在分詞片語。

1. I don’t like people who use cell phone while driving.

＝I don’t like people( ) cell phone while driving.

2. There was a car that was driving the wrong way on the highway.

＝There was a car ( ) the wrong way on the highway.

3. There is no law that prohibits using a cell phone while driving.

＝There is no law ( ) using a cell phone while driving.

2. The paramedics carried me to the boat that was waiting at the shore.

＝The paramedics carried me to the boat ( ) at the shore.

練習一內容

P224

帶領形容詞子句的關係詞（who, which, that）做主詞時，可簡化為分詞片語。

…………….

練習一：將下列形容詞子句改為現在分詞片語。

1. I don’t like people who use cell phone while driving. 人主動性使用....

＝I don’t like people( using ) cell phone while driving.

我並不喜歡民眾開車時使用行動電話

2. There was a car that was driving the wrong way on the highway.

＝There was a car ( driving ) the wrong way on the highway. 駕車主動性在家

高速公路上有一輛車開錯方向

3. There is no law that prohibits using a cell phone while driving.

＝There is no law ( prohibiting) using a cell phone while driving.法律主動性規範....

沒有法律禁止駕車使用行動電話

2. The paramedics carried me to the boat that was waiting at the shore. 船主動性待命在岸邊

＝The paramedics carried me to the boat ( waiting) at the shore.

救難人員背著我到岸邊待命的船

留言者

朝雲

留言時間

2010-04-26 13:47:46

標題

Chapter18 Grammar Focus 簡化句子 (練習二 )

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P225

練習二：將下列形容詞子句改為過去分詞片語

1. The store has many things that are made in the U.S.

＝The store has many things ( ) in the U.S.

2. There is a movie that is called “ Love Story.”

＝There is a movie ( ) “ Love Story.”

3. They have something that is called “ Comprehensive Care Communities.”

4. ＝They have something ( ) “ Comprehensive Care Communities.”

5. They have bought into a comprehensive care community that is associated with their church.

＝They have bought into a comprehensive care community ( ) with their church.

練習二內容

P225

練習二：將下列形容詞子句改為過去分詞片語

1. The store has many things that are made in the U.S. 物品不具主動性而是被動性

＝The store has many things ( made) in the U.S.

商店有許多東西是在美國製造

2. There is a movie that is called “ Love Story.” 電影不具主動性而是被動性

＝There is a movie ( called ) “ Love Story.”

有一部叫【愛的故事】電影

3. They have something that is called “ Comprehensive Care Communities.”

4. ＝They have something ( called ) “ Comprehensive Care Communities.”

他們稱呼全面照顧社區/綜合照顧社區

5. They have bought into a comprehensive care community that is associated with their church.

＝They have bought into a comprehensive care community ( associated) with their church.

他們現在已經買下和他們較會有關連的綜合照顧社區

Chapter19 Grammar Focus不定詞練習

P233

不定詞依其在句中的功能，具有名詞形容詞及副詞的性質。例如：

To get up early is good for the health. (早起對健康有益)

To get up early在主詞位置，故有名詞的性質。

I want to go. (我得走了)

to go在受詞位置，故有名詞的性質。

I don’t know what to do.(我不知道該怎麼辦)

what to do處受詞位置，故有名詞的性質。（不定詞前when, where, how, what等疑問字。）

His dream is to travel around the world. (環遊世界是他的夢想)

to travel around the world處於補語的位置，故有名詞的性質。

I have nothing to do.我無事可做--閒著無事

to do修飾nothing， 因此有形容詞的性質。

I was glad to get a letter from you. (我很高興收到你的一封信)

to get a letter from you說明glad的原因，故有副詞的性質。

We left early to get there on time. (為了準時到達那裡我們提早離開)

to get there on time說明left early的目的，故有副詞的性質。

..........................................

練習：以下（）部分是不定詞（片語），請說明其功能：做名詞、形容詞或副詞。

1. To help my parents in their old age is my duty.

＝It is my duty to help my parents in their old age .

2. To go from Taipei to Tainan takes 5 hours.

＝It takes five hours to go from Taipei to Tainan.

3. They are preparing to return to their home country.

當preparing 的受詞

4. Some students once asked to interview me.

當asked 的受詞

5. I never expected to hear from them again.

當expected 的受詞

6. They are discussing how to show their feelings of gratitude.

當 discussing的受詞

7. I haven’t time to buy any gifts.

修飾time ，副詞的性質

8. We should go downtown to do some shopping. 我們'應該到城裡/都市採買

修飾downtown ，說明go downtown的原因，有副詞的性質

9. Chinese people sometimes give a hongbao to show thanks.

修飾a hongbao，說明give a hongbao 的原因 有 副詞的性質

10. Our problem is how to say thanks to our teachers.

how to say thanks to our teachers.處於補語的位置，故有名詞的性質

留言者

朝雲

留言時間

2010-04-27 08:44:49

標題

Chapter19Grammar Focus不定詞

Q&A回覆內容

A1:sh3025

謝謝你幫我把不定詞（）起來

3. They are preparing 【to return （to their home country）】.

= > （副詞）修飾 return

◎第二個to是介係詞。

6. They are discussing how （to show their feelings of gratitude）.

= > 名詞

◎how也要放進（）裡

9. Chinese people sometimes give a hongbao （to show thanks）.

= > 形容詞修飾hongbao

◎（to show thanks）說明give a hongbao的原因，故為副詞。

10. Our problem is 【how to say thanks （to our teachers）】.

= > （名詞）

◎第二個to是介係詞。

Q2:

有關 to 有不定詞和介係詞的二種用法可以再說明嗎？

A2:

sh3025

to當不定詞：to＋原形v

to當介係詞：to＋名詞（動名詞）

以3. They are preparing 【to return （to their home country）】.為例

to return＝ to＋原形v，就是不定詞

to their home country＝to＋（形容詞＋）名詞，就是介係詞

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